What is required for completion remediation under risk-based cleanup methods?

The most appropriate response involves understanding that risk-based cleanup methods focus on addressing contamination in a manner that considers the potential impact on human health and the environment rather than necessarily removing all contaminated materials. Risk-based certification is a formal process that demonstrates that the site has been evaluated and that any remaining contamination is at levels that are deemed acceptable to protect human health and the environment based on established criteria.

In risk-based cleanup, a thorough assessment of the risks posed by contaminants is conducted, leading to a strategy that allows for the management of those risks instead of mandating complete excavation or removal of all contaminants. This approach often includes a corrective action plan tailored to the specific conditions of the site, which can integrate various remediation techniques and technologies.

While other options might involve elements of the cleanup process, they do not directly relate to the concept of risk-based cleanup focusing on achieving acceptable risk levels through certification.