How is 'Toxicity' determined?

Determining toxicity involves understanding how different factors combine to influence the harmful effects a substance can have on living organisms. The correct choice highlights that toxicity is assessed through the concept of risk, which takes into account not just the intrinsic properties of a chemical, but also how much of that chemical a person might be exposed to over time.

This assessment typically involves evaluating the dose-response relationship, where the level of exposure to a toxic substance is a key factor. By multiplying risk (which reflects the potential for harm based on the properties of the substance) by the exposure level (including both concentration and duration), one can calculate the overall risk posed by that substance in a specific situation.

This integrated approach is crucial for accurately understanding toxicity, as it acknowledges that both the nature of the chemical and the specific circumstances of exposure play significant roles in determining the actual toxic effects an individual might experience.